Heat Exhaustion

Heat Exhaustion: When the Body Overheats

Heat exhaustion is a condition that occurs as a result of overheating of the body. It is usually the result of prolonged exposure to high temperatures combined with insufficient fluid intake. It is a serious condition that precedes the more dangerous heat stroke. It is important to recognize its symptoms in time to provide first aid and prevent worsening.

What Happens in the Body?

In hot conditions, the body actively tries to cool down using its primary mechanism — sweating. As it evaporates, sweat cools the skin. However, with prolonged and intense sweating the body loses a huge amount of water and salts (electrolytes). This significant loss of fluid and electrolytes leads to the development of heat exhaustion symptoms. Essentially, it is a form of dehydration caused by overheating.

Key Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion

Symptoms may develop gradually or appear suddenly. They include:

• Profuse sweating.
• Pale, cool, and sticky-to-the-touch skin. This is a key distinction from heat stroke, where the skin is hot and dry.
• Weakness, severe fatigue.
• Dizziness or a feeling of impending fainting.
• Headache.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Rapid but weak pulse.
• Muscle cramps (heat cramps).

When these symptoms appear, the person should be moved immediately to a cool place, given water or special sports drinks to restore electrolytes, and excess clothing removed. If the condition does not improve within an hour, medical assistance should be sought.