Latex allergies

Latex allergy: Hidden danger

Latex allergy is a reaction to proteins found in natural rubber latex. This material is obtained from the sap of the rubber tree. It is widely used in the production of medical devices (gloves, catheters), balloons, baby pacifiers, condoms, and many other household items. For most people latex is safe, but for some contact with it can cause serious allergic reactions.

Mechanism and types of reactions

There are several types of reactions to latex:

1. Irritant contact dermatitis: This is not a true allergy, but direct skin irritation from chemicals in gloves or from friction. It manifests as dryness, redness, and flaking.
2. Allergic contact dermatitis: This is a delayed allergic reaction to chemical additives used in latex production. A rash resembling eczema appears 24-48 hours after contact.
3. True latex allergy (immediate reaction): This is the most dangerous type, mediated by IgE antibodies to the proteins of latex itself. Symptoms appear quickly and may include hives, runny nose, difficulty breathing and, in the most severe cases, anaphylaxis.

Risk groups and cross-reactions

The highest risk of developing latex allergy is among people who frequently come into contact with it: healthcare workers, rubber industry workers, and also children who have undergone many surgeries. Interestingly, there is cross-reactivity between latex and certain fruits. This phenomenon, known as the "latex-fruit syndrome," occurs because proteins in latex are similar to proteins in bananas, avocados, kiwis, and chestnuts. A person with latex allergy may react to these foods, and vice versa. This is an example of a link with food allergy.