Dehydration in Newborns

Dehydration in Newborns: How to Recognize the Danger

Dehydration (dehydration) — is a condition where the body loses more fluid than it receives. In newborns, due to their physiological characteristics (rapid metabolism, immature kidneys), this condition can develop very quickly and pose a serious health threat. It is the most common complication of any illnesses accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, fever, or poor appetite.

Why do newborns become dehydrated faster?

Infants in the first months of life are in a high‑risk group for several reasons:

• High water content in the body: A newborn’s body is composed of about 75% water, so any fluid loss is more significant.
• High metabolism: Their metabolic rate is considerably more intensive than that of adults, requiring a greater fluid turnover.
• Dependence on adults: They cannot take a drink on their own when they feel thirsty.

Key Signs of Dehydration

It is critically important for parents to recognize the early signs of dehydration in order to act promptly. These include:

• Decreased urine output: This is the earliest and most reliable indicator. A dry diaper for 6–8 hours is a warning sign.
• Dry mucous membranes: Dry lips, tongue, crying without tears.
• Sunken eyes and sunken fontanelle: Signs of more severe dehydration.
• Lethargy and sleepiness: The child becomes apathetic, difficult to wake.

If these signs appear, it is necessary to seek a doctor immediately. For more details on the general mechanisms, read the article "Dehydration".