Somnambulism

Somnambulism (sleepwalking): Automatic behavior

Somnambulism, or sleepwalking, is another type of parasomnia that, like night terrors, occurs during the deep sleep phase. It is a condition in which a person performs complex automatic actions (walking, talking, moving objects) while being in a sleep state. Most often this phenomenon is observed in school‑age children, but it can also occur in adults.

What happens in the brain during somnambulism?

The mechanism is similar to that of night terrors. It is a partial awakening from deep sleep. The part of the brain responsible for motor activity becomes active, while consciousness, memory, and critical thinking remain "turned off". That is why the person does not remember their nocturnal adventures. The eyes are usually open, but the gaze is "blank".

Causes and triggers

There is a clear genetic predisposition to somnambulism. If one of the parents sleepwalked, the risk for the child increases significantly. Factors that can provoke episodes of sleepwalking:

• Sleep deprivation and fatigue.
• Stress and anxiety.
• High temperature.
• Some medications.
• Sleep apnea, as frequent awakenings can trigger an incomplete transition to wakefulness.

Main rule: Safety

Somnambulism itself is not dangerous, but the actions of a person in this state can be. They may go outside, fall down stairs, or get injured. Therefore, the primary task of relatives is to ensure a safe environment: close doors and windows, remove sharp objects from the floor. Waking the person during an episode is not recommended, as it can cause fright and disorientation. It is better to calmly and gently guide them back to bed.