Urinary incontinence during pregnancy

Urinary incontinence during pregnancy: Why it happens and how to help yourself

Involuntary urine leakage during coughing, sneezing, laughing, or physical exertion is an extremely common yet very delicate issue faced by many pregnant women. This condition, known as stress urinary incontinence, can cause significant psychological discomfort, but it is important to understand that it is not your fault, but a physiological consequence of pregnancy. In most cases the situation improves markedly after delivery, and specific exercises can accelerate this process.

Causes of urinary incontinence: Pressure and relaxation

The problem is rooted in a combination of two key factors affecting the pelvic floor muscles—a kind of “hammock” of muscles that supports the uterus, bladder, and bowel.

• Hormonal influence. Pregnancy hormones, particularly relaxin and progesterone, aim to soften the ligaments and joints of the pelvis to prepare it for delivery. Unfortunately, they act indiscriminately, also relaxing the pelvic floor muscles. As a result, the urethral sphincter, which is responsible for retaining urine, becomes weaker and may not cope with a sudden increase in intra‑abdominal pressure.
• Mechanical pressure. Your uterus grows larger and heavier each week. This weight exerts constant pressure on the bladder, which sits directly beneath it. When you cough or laugh, the pressure spikes, and the weakened muscles simply cannot react in time, leading to leakage. This effect is especially pronounced in the third trimester.

Sometimes another type of incontinence can occur—urge incontinence, where a sudden and overwhelming urge to urinate arises. This is related to increased sensitivity and irritation of the bladder. Pelvic floor problems are a common phenomenon that is important to be aware of. Read more about physical body changes in the relevant section.

What are Kegel exercises and why are they important?

Kegel exercises are training of the pelvic floor muscles. Their regular performance is the most effective method for preventing and treating urinary incontinence. Strong pelvic floor muscles better support the organs, improve bladder control, and also facilitate labor and accelerate post‑partum recovery.