Breast infection

Breast infection (infectious mastitis): What you need to know

Breast infection, or infectious mastitis, is an inflammation of the mammary gland caused by bacteria. It is a complication that usually develops on the background of milk stasis (lactostasis). This is a serious medical condition that requires immediate medical attention and treatment with antibiotics.

How does the infection develop?

It all starts with milk stasis. When milk is not expelled from the duct, it becomes a nutrient-rich environment for bacteria. Most commonly these are Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, which normally reside on the skin and in the infant’s mouth. Through cracked nipples they can enter the milk duct and cause inflammation.

Symptoms of infectious mastitis

Symptoms usually develop very quickly and are more pronounced than with ordinary lactostasis:

• Severe, throbbing pain in one area of the breast.
• Bright redness of the skin, sometimes in a wedge shape extending toward the nipple.
• The breasts are very hot to the touch and swollen.
• High body temperature (38.5°C and above), chills, weakness, headache — symptoms similar to the flu.

Why is it important to see a doctor immediately?

Without timely treatment, infectious mastitis can lead to the formation of a breast abscess — a cavity filled with pus that may require surgical intervention. The doctor usually prescribes a course of antibiotics compatible with breastfeeding. It is very important not to stop feeding from the affected breast (this is safe for the baby), as it is the best way to drain it and speed up recovery. Read about the basics of breastfeeding in our guide.