Mastitis

Mastitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of Breast Inflammation

Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue that can be accompanied by infection. It is one of the most common problems faced by breastfeeding women, especially in the first 6–12 weeks after delivery. It is important to know that mastitis is not just discomfort, but a medical condition that requires timely and appropriate treatment to avoid complications.

Why Does Mastitis Occur? From Milk Stasis to Infection

The development of mastitis is rooted in milk stasis (lactostasis). When milk is not effectively removed from the breasts, it accumulates in the milk ducts, creating pressure and an ideal environment for bacterial growth. Bacteria (most commonly Staphylococcus aureus), which usually reside on the skin or in the baby’s mouth, can enter the breast through cracked nipples.

Main risk factors:

• Improper latch: If the baby latches onto the nipple incorrectly, it cannot effectively empty the breast. This is the main cause of lactostasis. Read about the basics of proper latch in our article "Basics of Breastfeeding".
• Blocked milk ducts: If milk stasis is not resolved, it can lead to duct blockage, which worsens inflammation.
• Cracked nipples: They serve as open “gateways” for infection.
• Infrequent or irregular feedings: Long gaps between feeds lead to breast engorgement.
• Pressure on the breasts: An overly tight bra, sleeping on the stomach, or a car seat belt can compress the milk ducts.
• Severe fatigue and stress: Postpartum fatigue can weaken the immune system, making you more vulnerable to infections.

How to Recognize Mastitis?

Mastitis symptoms usually develop quickly and can resemble the flu. They include:

• Pain, swelling, and redness of the breast area. The breasts become hot and tender to the touch.
• A feeling of firmness or a “lump” in the breast.
• Elevated body temperature (38.5 °C and above), chills, general weakness.

It is important to understand that mastitis is not just breast engorgement. With engorgement, both breasts are uniformly swollen, whereas with mastitis the inflammation is usually localized to one area of a single breast. If you notice these symptoms, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.