Melasma

Melasma ("pregnancy mask"): What it is and how to fight it

The appearance of symmetrical dark spots on the face — on the forehead, cheeks, nose, and above the upper lip — is one of the most common cosmetic symptoms of pregnancy. This condition, known as melasma or chloasma (informally “pregnancy mask”), is completely harmless but can cause psychological discomfort. Understanding the reasons for its development is key to effective prevention and correction.

Causes of melasma

The main culprit behind pigment spots is pregnancy hormones — estrogen and progesterone. They stimulate skin cells, melanocytes, to produce excess melanin pigment. This same process is responsible for darkening of the nipples, areolas, and the appearance of a dark line on the abdomen.

However, hormones only create a predisposition, and the primary “trigger” is ultraviolet radiation. Even brief sun exposure without proper protection can provoke the appearance or worsening of pigmentation. That’s why sun protection is the main rule of skin care for pregnant women. Other factors that can exacerbate melasma:

• Genetic predisposition: If your mother or sister had melasma, your chances of developing it are higher.
• Skin phototype: Women with olive skin (phototypes III‑IV) are more prone to hyperpigmentation.

Prevention and safe care

Completely avoiding melasma if you are predisposed can be difficult, but significantly reducing its manifestation is entirely realistic.

• Sun protection above all! This is the most important rule. Use a sunscreen with high protection (SPF 30‑50) daily, even on cloudy days. Apply it 20‑30 minutes before going outside and reapply every 2 hours.
• Physical protection: Wear wide‑brimmed hats, sunglasses, and try to stay in the shade during peak sun activity hours (10:00 – 16:00).
• Gentle care: Avoid aggressive scrubs and peels that can irritate the skin and increase pigmentation.

Most aggressive bleaching agents (hydroquinone, retinoids) are contraindicated during pregnancy. After delivery, when the hormonal balance stabilizes, melasma usually lightens or disappears completely on its own within a few months. For how to properly care for yourself during this period, read the article "Beauty, care and style during pregnancy".