Weak muscle tone in newborns

Weak muscle tone (hypotonia) in newborns

Muscle tone is the degree of muscle tension at rest. In a healthy newborn, flexor muscles predominate over extensors, so the baby lies in the characteristic "embryonic position": arms and legs are flexed and drawn toward the trunk. Weak muscle tone, or hypotonia, is a condition where the child’s muscles are excessively relaxed, making the baby appear "floppy" or "soft," like a cloth doll.

What does hypotonia look like?

Parents may notice the following signs:

• The baby appears very floppy, and it is difficult to hold them in the arms.
• Arms and legs hang down rather than being flexed.
• The head "drops" backward or to the side without proper support.
• The baby has difficulty with sucking and swallowing, and tires quickly during feeding.
• Weak cry.

The pediatrician assesses tone using special tests, evaluating muscle resistance during passive movements, as well as innate reflexes, which may be diminished in hypotonia.

Why is this an important neurological symptom?

Hypotonia is not a disease but a symptom that can point to various conditions requiring diagnosis. Causes may be central (related to the brain or spinal cord) or peripheral (related to nerves and muscles). Possible causes include:

• Genetic syndromes.
• Birth trauma or hypoxia.
• Congenital infections.
• Metabolic disorders.

If your child is diagnosed with hypotonia, it warrants a thorough examination by a pediatric neurologist. It is important to understand that it can be a temporary condition or a sign of a serious problem. Early diagnosis and rehabilitation, including massage and specific exercises, are crucial for the child’s further development of the child.