Allergic Reactions in Newborns

General Allergic Reactions in Newborns: A Guide for Parents

The newborn's immune system is immature and is only "learning" to respond to the surrounding world. Therefore allergic reactions in children during the first three months of life are common, though concerning for parents. It is important to understand that most skin problems at this age are not true allergies but physiological skin adaptation, such as newborn acne.

Why Are Newborns Prone to Reactions?

• Immaturity of the intestinal barrier: The newborn's intestinal walls are more permeable, allowing larger protein molecules (potential allergens) to enter the bloodstream.
• Immaturity of the skin barrier: The infant's thin and delicate skin is more vulnerable to external irritants.

Main Types of Allergic Manifestations in Newborns

• Food allergies: The most common cause of true allergies at this age, usually to the protein of cow's milk.
• Contact reactions: To cosmetics, fabrics or laundry detergents.
• Respiratory allergies: A rare occurrence for this age, but possible.

Most often the reaction appears on the skin as atopic dermatitis (dry, rough patches) or hives. Any rash in a newborn, especially if accompanied by a worsening of overall condition, requires a pediatrician's consultation.