Allergic reactions in infants

Skin allergic reactions in infants

An allergic reaction is an excessive response of the immune system to a substance that is safe for most people. In infants, whose immune system is still developing and whose skin barrier is immature, skin allergic reactions are very common. They most often appear as eczema or hives.

What can cause allergy in infants?

Potential allergens can enter the child's body in several ways:

• Food allergens. This is the most common cause. In breastfed children it can be a reaction to proteins from the mother's diet that pass into the milk. After the introduction of complementary foods, the reaction can be triggered directly by the foods the child eats. More details are in the article "Food allergies in infants".
• Contact allergens. A reaction can occur when the skin contacts certain substances: components of skincare cosmetics, laundry detergent, synthetic fabrics, metals (e.g., nickel in fasteners).
• Household and respiratory allergens. Dust, house dust mites, animal hair, mold.

What does an allergic rash look like?

Most often it is one of two types of rash:

1. Hives: Sudden, swollen, red welts that itch intensely and can "migrate" over the body. This is an acute reaction.
2. Atopic dermatitis (eczema): Dry, red, rough patches that flake and itch. This is a chronic reaction.

Any allergic reaction, especially one accompanied by swelling or difficulty breathing, requires immediate consultation with a pediatrician or allergist. Treatment involves identifying and removing the allergen, skin care, and, if needed, the use of antihistamines. Read about other types of rashes in our blog "Rash in infants".